Nos últimos dois anos, o aumento extraordinário do calor global gerou um território desconhecido para os cientistas, desafiando as previsões climáticas.
Enquanto o aquecimento global é amplamente impulsionado pela queima de combustíveis fósseis, que emitem gases de efeito estufa, a AFP reporta como os especialistas ainda tentam entender o que causou esse aumento abrupto de temperatura.
Em 2023, as temperaturas globais quebraram recordes, com o calor persistente se estendendo até 2024. Esse fenômeno resultou em dois dos anos mais quentes da história, impulsionados, em parte, por um evento de El Niño que começou em meados de 2023.
A variabilidade climática natural, como o fenômeno La Niña que resfriou a Terra antes, pode ter contribuído para esse aquecimento, mas o calor continuou mesmo após o pico de El Niño.
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Cientistas dizem que 2023 e 2024 foram os anos mais quentes já registrados – Imagem: Bigc Studio/Shutterstock
Outros fatores responsáveis pelas temperaturas altas
Os cientistas também investigam outros fatores, como mudanças nas nuvens, poluição do ar e a capacidade da Terra de armazenar carbono.
A redução nas emissões de enxofre dos combustíveis de navegação pode ter diminuído a quantidade de nuvens reflexivas, permitindo que mais calor chegasse à superfície da Terra.
Além disso, os sumidouros de carbono, como florestas e oceanos, perderam eficiência em 2023, exacerbando o problema.
Embora o aumento de calor seja esperado devido à quantidade de combustíveis fósseis queimados, a magnitude do aquecimento e a persistência das altas temperaturas ainda precisam ser totalmente explicadas, e os cientistas continuam a buscar respostas.
Uso de combustíveis fósseis pode explicar aumento do calor, mas cientistas ainda querem encontrar mais explicações para temperaturas tão altas – Imagem: Piyaset/Shutterstock
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